What are the three minor terrain features?

• A. Ridge, Valley, Slope
• B. Hill, Cliff, Plateau
• C. Spur, Draw, Ridge
• D. Spur, Draw, Cliff

Answer: (D)

In terrain reading, features are grouped into major and minor categories. Major terrain features describe large, prominent shapes on the landscape, like hills, ridges, and valleys. Minor terrain features are smaller, more localized details that still help you read the ground and plan movement. The three minor terrain features are spur, draw, and cliff. A spur is a narrow ridge that extends away from a hill or ridge; on a map it shows as a line of higher ground jutting out, with contour lines that bend to indicate the spur’s projection. A draw is a shallow drainage or wash; contours form a gentle V that points uphill toward the source, signaling a narrow, low-lying route that isn’t as broad as a valley. A cliff is a steep or vertical drop; it appears on a map as very tightly spaced contours with a distinct edge, marking an abrupt change in elevation. These features are considered minor because they describe smaller ground forms, though they’re crucial for precise navigation and terrain association.